Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid influx of distributed power sources, the voltage operation status of distribution networks has shown more frequent and difficult-to-manually judge short-period disturbance characteristics. The traditional regulation method relying on local measurement and fixed action logic has become difficult to maintain sufficient response speed and stability in complex scenarios. This paper focuses on the "predictive - optimized control" two - layer structure for research: a short - term voltage prediction model is constructed based on operational data, and the voltage trend in the next period is characterized by historical sequences and local spatial information. Subsequently, a constrained optimization control model is designed based on the predictors, and voltage deviation, action cost and equipment capacity are incorporated into the unified decision - making framework. Finally, the predictive ability, control effect and stability performance of the model in typical feeder scenarios are verified through numerical