Abstract: In order to enhance the teaching effectiveness and engineering practice ability of courses on AC/DC power supply, this paper constructs an AC/DC power supply teaching simulation system based on functional layering and modular architecture. The system is designed with the core concept of "visual operation, modular combination, and adjustable parameters". It is divided into DC module, AC module, power conversion module, and testing and analysis module, which respectively realize functions such as constant voltage/constant current output, single-phase/three-phase simulation, rectification/inverter/chopper simulation, data acquisition and waveform evaluation. The system is jointly developed based on MATLAB/Simulink and LabVIEW, constructing a high stability simulation environment, and designing typical cases for teaching applications. Through the experimental case of "performance analysis of single phase bridge rectification", the operating effect of the system was verified. Students achieved a high level of accuracy in circuit setting, parameter measurement accuracy, and analysis ability. The average completion time of the experiment was controlled within 45minutes. Research suggests that this system can effectively enhance students' understanding and operational skills of the operation mechanism of AC/DC power sources, and has good teaching adaptability, scalability, and evaluation support capabilities. It can provide a feasible path for the digital reform of electrical