Abstract: This research deeply analyzes the structure composition and main problems of the underground power grid, elaborates the hardware architecture, software function modules and key technical characteristics of the coal mine intelligent distribution monitoring system, and makes it clear that the coal mine intelligent distribution monitoring system adopts a layered and distributed architecture, integrates explosion-proof intelligent monitoring devices, edge computing technology and multi-level fault identification algorithm, and can cover the real-time monitoring system of various voltage levels underground. The intelligent distribution monitoring system can effectively improve the intelligent management level of underground power grids, providing reliable technical support and important application references for coal mine safety.