Abstract: With the advancement of the “dual carbon” goals, the proportion of new energy generation in China has been continuously increasing, leading to a significant decline in the equivalent inertia of the power system and posing severe challenges to frequency stability. This paper focuses on the frequency stability issue of power systems with high proportions of new energy integration. Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of system frequency under different new energy penetration rates are analyzed, and a frequency response model parameterized by wind power penetration rate is constructed. Secondly, an adaptive inertia allocation mechanism based on the compound negative feedback of RoCoF and ∆f is designed, and model predictive control and density peak clustering algorithms are introduced for virtual inertia optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively raise the lowest frequency point, suppress the peak of the frequency change rate, and accelerate the convergence process of frequency recovery. Compared with traditional droop control and fixed virtual inertia control, both the lowest frequency point and the frequency change rate have been significantly improved, and offers a feasible technical scheme to tackle the frequency stability problems caused by large-scale new energy integration.