Abstract: To enhance the intelligence and operational safety of substations under the integrated power grid regulation model, this paper addresses the complexity of secondary equipment status and the lag in fault identification. A management framework based on defect analysis and lean operation coordination is proposed. By constructing multi-dimensional defect recognition models, risk grading methods, and regulation coordination mechanisms, the system enables efficient detection, intelligent dispatch, and closed-loop handling of secondary equipment such as protection relays and communication modules. Deployment results show that the framework significantly improves fault response efficiency and maintenance quality, with strong practical value.