Abstract: For the differential design of 10 kV distribution lines, this paper designs a comprehensive evaluation model construction method based on improved gray wolf optimization algorithm. According to the load characteristics of different application scenarios, this paper establishes a differentiated design index system, and introduces the nonlinear convergence factor adjustment strategy, elite reverse learning mechanism and adaptive weight dynamic allocation method into the traditional gray wolf algorithm, which effectively improves the global search ability and convergence accuracy. At the same time, it constructs a comprehensive evaluation model integrating technical indicators and economic indicators, and uses the improved gray wolf algorithm to solve it. The experimental results show that the comprehensive evaluation score of the optimization results obtained by the proposed method is higher than that of other methods, and it exhibits favorable adaptability and effectiveness in different regional scenarios.