Abstract: The rational design of residential community substation facilities and the scientific selection of electrical equipment directly impact power supply quality and electrical safety. Through systematic analysis of critical aspects such as load calculation, site selection and layout, as well as transformer and switchgear selection, combined with the application of reactive power compensation and intelligent technologies, targeted optimization strategies can be formulated. The research findings demonstrate that proper equipment selection and optimized design effectively enhance power supply reliability while reducing line losses, providing a reference basis for the engineering design of residential community substations.