Abstract: To address the intermittent and fluctuating issues of photovoltaic power generation, a solution based on lithium battery energy storage technology has been introduced. The research method briefly explains the matching correlation between photovoltaic power generation and load demand, and optimizes the capacity and power configuration of the energy storage system. And design the charge and discharge control strategy based on the multi-objective optimization algorithm. After the introduction of the energy storage system, the average annual power generation of the photovoltaic system increased by 7.6%, from the original 32 880 MW·h to 35 400 MW·h. The energy storage system effectively alleviates the problem of insufficient power supply during peak electricity consumption periods. Its maximum discharge power reaches 5 MW and lasts for more than 6 hours. The proportion of the system’s self-supplied power has risen from 60% to 80%, significantly reducing its reliance on the external power grid. The research results show that lithium battery energy storage technology not only enhances the energy utilization rate of photovoltaic systems but also plays a key role in reducing electricity costs and facilitating the green and low-carbon transformation.