Abstract: To address the challenges brought by the high proportion of renewable energy grid integration and fully tap into the commercial value of distributed energy resources（DER）, this paper focuses on the collaborative optimization problem of virtual power plants（VPP） participating in diversified markets. The article first analyzes the multi market, multi-objective, multi constraint, and multi time scale coupled decision-making and uncertainty challenges faced by VPP in the medium to long term, spot, ancillary services, and capacity markets. Next, establish a multi-agent VPP scheduling bidding strategy for wind turbine（WT）, photovoltaic power（PV）, gas turbine（GT）, stored energy（ES）, electric vehicle（EV）, and flexible load（FL）. Finally, four progressive market participation scenarios were designed for comparative analysis. The calculation results showed that the proposed market wide collaborative optimization scheduling strategy can smooth risks and enhance total returns for VPP. The business model has shifted from relying on a single spot market to a diversified and healthy return model with “medium-and long-term capacity income as the stable cornerstone, auxiliary services as the premium source, and spot market as the incremental space”, providing a theoretical basis for the commercial operation and scale development of VPP.