Abstract: Given the non-uniform distribution of current density in the electric field of electrostatic precipitators, this study investigates the influence of helical cathode wires on electric field distribution characteristics. A parametric geometric model and a multiphysics coupled computational model were developed to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of helical structure parameters on the spatial distribution of current density. The study introduces simulation analysis and experimental testing methods, and conducts validation analysis based on comparative test results. The results indicate that spiral cathode wires can improve the current density distribution profile. The uniformity coefficient across the entire cross-section increased from 0.72 to 0.87, representing an improvement of approximately 20.83%. The effective discharge coverage increased from 63.8% to 82.5%, an increase of approximately 29.31%. Concurrently, the peak current density decreased by approximately 17.10%, significantly enhancing the spatial distribution uniformity and expanding the effective discharge area.