考虑灵活能量状态与多重服务的独立储能随机优化与模型预测控制协同策略

Coordinated strategy of random optimization and model predictive control for flexible energy state and multiple service independent energy storage

  • 摘要: 独立储能在现有电力市场中面临日前现货市场单一、实时市场资源优化受限、辅助服务市场品种单一且补偿 不足的挑战,导致其快速调频、爬坡、容量惯量及黑启动等多重价值无法被全面评估与补偿。基于此,提出多阶段、 多市场协同优化的联合出清与投标框架,构建了一个考虑风险偏好的随机优化模型,用于支撑储能在日前市场同时 参与电能量与多种辅助服务的联合投标;设计了基于模型预测控制的实时滚动优化策略,以应对新能源出力和负荷 的波动,在实时平衡市场中最大化套利并弥补日前计划偏差;创新性地将虚拟惯量和爬坡能力产品化,设计了其市 场出清机制与定价模型,并量化了储能在这些新型服务中的价值,最后,通过某区域电网实际数据的案例研究,验 证了所提框架可显著提升独立储能的综合收益,证明了新型辅助服务品种对系统安全性和经济性的积极作用,为电 力市场设计者和储能运营商提供了重要的理论依据和决策支持。

     

    Abstract: Independent energy storage in the existing power market faces challenges such as the single-day spot market, limited optimization of real-time market resources, and the single variety of ancillary service market with insufficient compensation. These challenges lead to the inability to fully evaluate and compensate multiple values of energy storage, including rapid frequency regulation, ramping, capacity inertia, and black start. To address this, a multi-stage, multi-market collaborative optimization framework for joint clearing and bidding is proposed. A stochastic optimization model considering risk preference is constructed to enable energy storage to participate in joint bidding for both electricity and multiple ancillary services in the day-ahead market. A real-time rolling optimization strategy based on model predictive control is designed to cope with fluctuations in renewable energy output and load, maximizing arbitrage in the real-time balancing market and compensating for day-ahead deviations. Innovatively, virtual inertia and ramping capability are productized, and their market clearing mechanisms and pricing models are designed. The value of energy storage in these new services is quantified. Finally, a case study based on actual data from a regional power grid verifies that the proposed framework significantly enhances the comprehensive benefits of independent energy storage, demonstrating the positive role of the proposed new ancillary service varieties in system security and economic efficiency. This study provides important theoretical basis and decision support for power market designers and energy storage operators.

     

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